Rhodes and Venice will take off in the spring, along with new flights to Stansted, Newquay, Bournemouth and Belfast.
Ryanair is also upping frequencies on more than 30 Edinburgh routes, including to Alicante, Barcelona, Brussels, Milan and Shannon.
It claims capacity will be in excess of 25% higher than in summer 2022, running to 4.7 million annual passengers.
To achieve this growth, Ryanair will base an extra aircraft in Edinburgh this summer, growing its fleet in the Scottish capital to 11.
The additional based aircraft will create more than 30 new pilot and cabin crew jobs in Edinburgh, said the budget carrier.
Promotional fares for the new routes lead in from £29.99pp one-way for travel between April and October 2023.
Ryanair marketing chief Dara Brady took the launch to urge prime minister Rishi Sunak to scrap Air Passenger Duty and provide incentives for airlines to "stimulate growth and recovery for the UK and its regions".
Kate Sherry, Edinburgh airport aviation director, added the new additions would help Edinburgh "build towards a strong summer season".
"This investment, which will also see an additional Ryanair aircraft based at EDI, is a real show of faith in the market - illustrating the growing demand for travel we’re seeing at Edinburgh."
Ryanair will fly to Stansted 17 times a week this summer from Edinburgh, Belfast 10 times, Bournemouth four times, Venice three times, Newquay twice and Rhodes once a week.