The action has been called by the Union of Air Traffic Controllers and Workers’ Commissions and would get under way at midnight on 17 April.
Should the action go ahead as planned, it could affect SAERCO-managed air traffic control towers at 14 Spanish airports.
ATCs have cited ongoing administrative issues for their decision to strike, including staffing shortages, excessive workloads and irregular shift patterns.
Under the plans, ATCs will strike several times a day on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, including from 5am to 7am, 11am to 5pm, and 10pm to midnight.
During these periods, flight capacity is likely to be reduced, with services facing the risk of delays or last-minute schedule changes.
Airports in the Canary Islands expected to be affected include Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, La Palma, El Hierro and La Gomera, which all serve popular destinations for UK holidaymakers.
The strike will also impact a number of mainland Spanish airports, including Sevilla, Jerez, Vigo and A Coruna, as well as smaller regional hubs such as Burgos, Huesca and Ciudad Real.
No end date has been set for the action, meaning disruption could continue until an agreement is reached between union representatives and airport management.
The announcement follows a weekend of Easter travel disruption, adding further pressure on airlines and tour operators as peak season approaches.